BURUNG INDONESIA (2)

BURUNG merupakan satwa yang sangat popular, karena perilaku dan tampilan mereka selalu menarik. Bulu yang indah pada beberapa jenis, suara yang merdu, seringkali menjadi malapetaka bagi burung sendiri. Eksploatasi terhadap kehidupan species burung tertentu, saat ini seringkali cukup tinggi dan tidak terkendali, terutama juga untuk species yang dapat dikonsumsi. Beberapa species wader, burung air, yang bersifat migratoar, menjadi sasaran penangkapan dalam jumlah besar. Pada beberapa daerah di Jawa dan Sumatera, burung wader ini dijerat dengan menggunakan jaring, dalam jumlah ribuan sekaligus, dan hasilnya dikonsumsi atau dijual di pasar-pasar untuk tujuan yang sama.
Burung juga memiliki tingkat kecerdasan yang tinggi, terutama dari famili jalak, beo (Sturnidae), nuri (Psittacidae), dan elang (Accipitridae, Falconidae). Species dari famili-famili ini dapat dilatih untuk keperluan tertentu, sebagai satwa kesenangan, diajar berbicara atau menirukan suara-suara tertentu, berburu, penuntun jalan dan sebagainya. Sejak ratusan tahun lalu, burung merpati (Columba livia) sudah sangat terkenal, sebagai kurir penyampai pesan, baik di masa perang maupun di masa damai. Sampai hari ini, merpati menjadi salah satu species burung yang sangat dekat dengan kehidupan manusia, sebagai peliharaan, sebagai asesoris-hidup di kota-kota besar, serta sebagai bahan makanan.
Beberapa jenis burung memiliki fungsi kontrol terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan, seperti burung elang, serak atau burung hantu, dan burung-burung yang insectivorous, pemakan serangga. Seekor burung hantu, setiap hari diperkirakan membutuhkan 2-3 ekor tikus, dan pada saat membesarkan anak-anaknya di sarang, yang biasanya terdiri atas 3-4 ekor, membutuhkan sekitar 8-9 ekor tikus setiap hari. Jika sepasang burung hantu menetap di area sekitar persawahan, hampir dapat dipastikan burung tersebut memiliki peran dalam menekan jumlah populasi tikus yang dapat menjadi hama padi.
Selanjutnya diuraikan jenis-jenis burung yang ada di Indonesia, berdasarkan ordo dan familinya masing-masing.

Dari ordo Columbiformes, hanya diwakili satu famili, yaitu Columbidae, tetapi memiliki jumlah species yang terfolong banyak, yaitu:

Famili COLUMBIDAE – merpati, perkutut, pergam, cakkurra, mambruk, junai, pute-pili, punai

Caloenas nicobarica, Nicobar pigeon
Chalcophaps indica, Emerald dove
Chalcophaps stephani, Stephan’s dove
Columba argentina, Silvery wood-pigeon
Columba livia, Rock pigeon
Columba vitiensis, Metallic pigeon
Ducula aenea, Green imperial-pigeon
Ducula badia, Mountain imperial-pigeon
Ducula basilica, Cinnamon-bellied imperial-pigeon
Ducula bicolor, Pied imperial-pigeon
Ducula chalconota, Rufescent imperial-pigeon
Ducula cineracea, Timor imperial-pigeon
Ducula concinna, Elegant imperial-pigeon
Ducula forsteni, White-bellied imperial-pigeon
Ducula lacernulata, Dark-backed imperial-pigeon
Ducula luctuosa, White imperial-pigeon
Ducula mullerii, Collared imperial-pigeon
Ducula myristicivora, Spice imperial-pigeon
Ducula perspicillata, White-eyed imperial-pigeon
Ducula pickeringii, Grey imperial-pigeon
Ducula pinon, Pinon imperial-pigeon
Ducula radiata, Grey-headed imperial-pigeon
Ducula rosacea, Pink-headed imperial-pigeon
Ducula rufigaster, Purple-tailed imperial-pigeon
Ducula spilorrhoa, Torresian imperial-pigeon
Ducula zoeae, Zoe imperial-pigeon
Gallicolumba beccarii, Bronze ground-dove
Gallicolumba hoedtii, Wetar ground-dove
Gallicolumba jobiensis, White-bibbed ground-dove
Gallicolumba rufigula, Cinnamon ground-dove
Gallicolumba tristigmata, Sulawesi ground-dove
Geopelia humeralis, Bar-shouldered dove
Geopelia maugei, Barred dove
Geopelia placida, Peaceful dove
Geopelia striata, Zebra dove
Goura cristata, Western crowned-pigeon
Goura scheepmakeri, Southern crowned-pigeon
Goura victoria, Victoria crowned-pigeon
Henicophaps albifrons, New Guinea bronzewing
Macropygia amboinensis, Slender-billed cuckoo-dove
Macropygia emiliana, Ruddy cuckoo-dove
Macropygia magna, Dusky cuckoo-dove
Macropygia nigrirostris, Black-billed cuckoo-dove
Macropygia ruficeps, Little cuckoo-dove
Macropygia unchall, Barred cuckoo-dove
Otidiphaps nobilis, Pheasant pigeon
Ptilinopus bernsteinii, Scarlet-breasted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus cinctus, Black-backed fruit-dove
Ptilinopus coronulatus, Coroneted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus dohertyi, Red-naped fruit-dove
Ptilinopus fischeri, Red-eared fruit-dove
Ptilinopus granulifrons, Carunculated fruit-dove
Ptilinopus hyogaster, Grey-headed fruit-dove
Ptilinopus iozonus, Orange-bellied fruit-dove
Ptilinopus jambu, Jambu fruit-dove
Ptilinopus magnificus, Wompoo fruit-dove
Ptilinopus melanospila, Black-naped fruit-dove
Ptilinopus monacha, Blue-capped fruit-dove
Ptilinopus nanus, Dwarf fruit-dove
Ptilinopus ornatus, Ornate fruit-dove
Ptilinopus perlatus, Pink-spotted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus porphyreus, Pink-headed fruit-dove
Ptilinopus pulchellus, Beautiful fruit-dove
Ptilinopus regina, Rose-crowned fruit-dove
Ptilinopus rivoli, White-breasted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus solomonensis, Yellow-bibbed fruit-dove
Ptilinopus subgularis, Maroon-chinned fruit-dove
Ptilinopus superbus, Superb fruit-dove
Ptilinopus aurantiifrons, Orange-fronted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus viridis, Claret-breasted fruit-dove
Ptilinopus wallacii, Wallace’s fruit-dove
Reinwardtoena reinwardtii, Great cuckoo-dove
Streptopelia bitorquata, Island collared-dove
Streptopelia chinensis, Spotted dove
Streptopelia tranquebarica, Red collared-dove
Treron bicincta, Orange-breasted pigeon
Treron capellei, Large green-pigeon
Treron curvirostra, Thick-billed pigeon
Treron floris, Flores green-pigeon
Treron fulvicollis, Cinnamon-necked pigeon
Treron griseicauda, Grey-cheeked pigeon
Treron olax, Little green-pigeon
Treron oxyura, Green-spectacled pigeon
Treron pompadora, Pompadour green-pigeon
Treron psittacea, Timor green-pigeon
Treron sphenura, Wedge-tailed pigeon
Treron teysmannii, Sumba green-pigeon
Treron vernans, Pink-necked pigeon
Trugon terrestris, Thick-billed ground-pigeon
Turacoena manadensis, White-faced cuckoo-dove
Turacoena modesta, Slaty cuckoo-dove

Dari ordo Coraciiformes, diwakili famili-famili Alcedinidae, Meropidae, Coraciidae, Bucerotidae, dan Megalaimidae, dengan species masing-masing:

Famili ALCEDINIDAE – pekakak, rajaudang, jikki
Actenoides concretus, Rufous-collared kingfisher
Actenoides monachus, Green-backed kingfisher
Actenoides princeps, Scaly kingfisher
Alcedo atthis, Common kingfisher
Alcedo azurea, Azure kingfisher
Alcedo coerulescens, Small blue kingfisher
Alcedo euryzona, Blue-banded kingfisher
Alcedo meninting, Blue-eared kingfisher
Alcedo pusilla, Little kingfisher
Caridonax fulgidus, White-rumped kingfisher
Ceyx erithacus, Black-backed kingfisher
Ceyx fallax, Sulawesi kingfisher
Ceyx lepidus, Variable kingfisher
Ceyx rufidorsa, Rufous-backed kingfisher
Cittura cyanotis, Lilac kingfisher
Clytoceyx rex, Shovel-billed kookaburra
Dacelo gaudichaud, Rufous-bellied kookaburra
Dacelo leachii, Blue-winged kookaburra
Dacelo tyro, Spangled kookaburra
Halcyon coromanda, Ruddy kingfisher
Halcyon cyanoventris, Javan kingfisher
Halcyon pileata, Black-capped kingfisher
Halcyon smyrnensis, White-throated kingfisher
Lacedo pulchella, Banded kingfisher
Melidora macorrhina, Hook-billed kingfisher
Pelargopsis capensis, Strok-billed kingfisher
Pelargopsis melanorhyncha, Black-billed kingfisher
Syma megarhyncha, Mountain kingfisher
Syma torotoro, Yellow-billed kingfisher
Tanysiptera carolinae, Numfor paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera ellioti, Kofiau paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera galatea, Common paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera hydrocharis, Little paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera nympha, Red-breasted paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera riedeli, Biak paradise-kingfisher
Tanysiptera sylvia, Buff-breasted paradise-kingfisher
Todirhamphus australasia, Cinnamon-banded kingfisher
Todirhamphus chloris, Collared kingfisher
Todirhamphus diops, Blue-and-white kingfisher
Todirhamphus enigma, Talaud kingfisher
Todirhamphus funebris, Sombre kingfisher
Todirhamphus lazuli, Lazuli kingfisher
Todirhamphus macleayi, Forest kingfisher
Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus, Blue-black kingfisher
Todirhamphus sanctus, Sacred kingfisher
Todirhamphus saurophaga, Beach kingfisher
Famili MEROPIDAE – kirik-kirik
Meropogon forsteni, Purple-bearded bee-eater
Merops leschenaulti, Chestnut-headed bee-eater
Merops ornatus, Rainbow bee-eater
Merops philippinus, Blue-tailed bee-eater
Merops viridis, Blue-throated bee-eater
Nyctyornis amictus, Red-bearded bee-eater
Famili CORACIIDAE – toge, holo-holo
Coracias temminckii, Purple-winged roller
Eurystomus azureus, Purple roller
Eurystomus orientalis, Dollarbird


Famili BUCEROTIDAE – enggang, rangkong, alo, kangkareng
Aceros cassidix, Knobbed hornbill
Aceros comatus, White-crowned hornbill
Aceros corrugatus, Wrinkled hornbill
Aceros everetti, Sumba hornbill
Aceros plicatus, Blyth’s hornbill
Aceros subruficollis, Plain-pouched hornbill
Aceros undulatus, Wreathed hornbill
Anorrhinus galeritus, Bushy-crested hornbill
Anthracoceros albirostris, Oriental pied-hornbill
Anthracoceros malayanus, Black hornbill
Buceros (Rhinoplax) vigil, Helmeted hornbill
Buceros bicornis, Great hornbill
Buceros rhinoceros, Rhinoceros hornbill
Penelopides exarhatus, Sulawesi hornbill
Famili MEGALAIMIDAE – bultok, tulung-tumpuk
Calorhamphus fuliginosus, Brown barbet
Megalaima armillaris, Flame-fronted barbet
Megalaima australis, Blue-eared barbet
Megalaima chrysopogon, Gold-Whiskered barbet
Megalaima corvina, Brown-throated barbet
Megalaima eximia, Bornean barbet
Megalaima haemacephala, Coppersmith barbet
Megalaima henricii, Yellow-crowned barbet
Megalaima javensis, Black-banded barbet
Megalaima lineata, Lineated barbet
Megalaima monticola, Mountain barbet
Megalaima mystacophanos, Red-throated barbet
Megalaima oorti, Black-browed barbet
Megalaima pulcherrima, Golden-naped barbet
Megalaima rafflesii, Red-crowned barbet
Psilopogon pyrolophus, Fire-tufted barbet

Dari ordo Cuculiformes, hanya diwakili satu famili, yaitu Cuculidae, dengan species:

Famili CUCULIDAE – kukuk, culik-culik, bubut, kedasi
Cacomantis castaneiventris, Chestnut-breasted cuckoo
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Fan-tailed cuckoo
Cacomantis heinrichi, Moluccan cuckoo
Cacomantis merulinus, Plaintive cuckoo
Cacomantis sonneratii, Banded bay cuckoo
Cacomantis variolosus, Brush cuckoo
Caliechthrus leucolophus, White-crowned koel
Carpococcyx radiatus, Bornean ground-cuckoo
Carpococcyx viridis, Sumatran ground-cuckoo
Centropus bengalensis, Lesser coucal
Centropus bernsteini, Lesser black coucal
Centropus celebensis, Bay coucal
Centropus chalybeus, Biak coucal
Centropus goliath, Goliath coucal
Centropus menbeki, Greater black coucal
Centropus nigrorufus, Sunda coucal
Centropus phasianinus, Pheasant coucal
Centropus rectunguis, Short-toed coucal
Centropus sinensis, Greater coucal
Centropus spilopterus, Kai coucal
Chrysococcyx basalis, Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoo
Chrysococcyx lucidus, Shining bronze-cuckoo
Chrysococcyx maculatus, Asian emerald cuckoo
Chrysococcyx meyeri, White-eared bronze-cuckoo
Chrysococcyx minutillus, Little bronze-cuckoo
Chrysococcyx osculans, Black-eared cuckoo
Chrysococcyx ruficollis, Rufous-throated bronze-cuckoo
Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus, Violet cuckoo
Clamator coromandus, Chestnut-winged cuckoo
Cuculus canorus, Common cuckoo
Cuculus crassirostris, Sulawesi hawk-cuckoo
Cuculus fugax, Malaysian hawk-cuckoo
Cuculus horsfieldi, Horsfield’s cuckoo
Cuculus hyperythrus, Northern hawk-cuckoo
Cuculus lepidus, Sunda cuckoo
Cuculus micropterus, Indian cuckoo
Cuculus nisicolor, Hodgson’s hawk-cuckoo
Cuculus pallidus, Pallid cuckoo
Cuculus saturatus, Oriental cuckoo
Cuculus sparverioides, Large hawk-cuckoo
Cuculus vagans, Moustached hawk-cuckoo
Eudynamis cyanocephala, Australian koel
Eudynamis melanorhyncha, Black-billed koel
Eudynamis scolopacea, Asian koel
Microdynamis parva, Dwarf koel
Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus, Yellow-billed malkoha
Phaenicophaeus chlorophaeus, Raffles’s malkoha
Phaenicophaeus curvirostris, Chestnut-breasted malkoha
Phaenicophaeus diardi, Black-bellied malkoha
Phaenicophaeus javanicus, Red-billed malkoha
Phaenicophaeus sumatranus, Chestnut-bellied malkoha
Phaenicophaeus tristis, Green-billed malkoha
Rhamphomantis megarhynchus, Long-billed cuckoo
Scythrops novaehollandiae, Channel-billed cuckoo
Surniculus lugubris, Asian drongo-cuckoo
(BERSAMBUNG)