MAMALIA INDONESIA (4)

MAMALIA adalah kelompok satwa yang menempati semua posisi pada matarantai makanan, khususnya sebagai konsumen pada tingkat pertama sampai dengan tingkat terakhir, di luar proses detritasi. Selain itu, mamalia memiliki peran yang cukup besar dalam sistem keseimbangan lingkungan, sebagai mangsa dan sebagai pemangsa, terutama dari ordo Carnivora, yang memiliki peran predasi. Beberapa jenis kucing liar di Indonesia, memiliki kemampuan untuk menekan perkembangan jumlah species mamalia tertentu, seperti jenis-jenis pengerat.
Beberapa jenis mamalia saat ini sesungguhnya telah tersentuh oleh domestikasi, seperti sapi, kerbau, kambing, kucing, kuda, dan beberapa lainnya. Sebaliknya, lebih banyak lagi jenis mamalia yang sama sekali masih sangat “liar”, dalam arti tidak bersentuhan dengan perilaku manusia secara alami. Karena itu, jenis-jenis mamalia yang liar ini, menjadi kurang terdata dan sedikit sekali pengetahuan kita mengenai kehidupannya. Terbatasnya pengetahuan kita mengenai seluk-beluk kehidupan mereka, menyebabkan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan menjadi terbatas pula atau tanpa upaya sama sekali. Mungkin, yang paling parah, adalah apabila kita menganggap suatu jenis tidak penting, terutama dengan menggunakan tolok-ukur ekonomis.
Sebagian besar mamalia di Indonesia, terutama dari kelompok pengerat, umumnya dinilai sebagai ancaman, karena mereka selalu dianggap memiliki potensi sebagai hama. Tikus dan kelompoknya, selalu menjadi ancaman terhadap kegiatan budidaya pertanian, dan karena itulah respons kita terhadap jenis-jenis ini adalah mengupayakan pembasmian dengan berbagai cara. Selain untuk kepentingan “tikus percobaan” – jadi bukan kelinci, dan untuk beberapa kepentingan kesenangan, tikus adalah mahluk yang tidak berguna sama sekali, biang penyakit pes, dan tampilannya selalu menjijikkan.
Bicara soal tikus, dari Ordo Rodentia, yang jumlahnya di dunia mencapai 2.000 lebih species, berikut ini diuraikan species yang ada di Indonesia, berdasarkan pengelompokan familnya.

Dari Ordo Rodentia, terwakili famili-famili Erinaceidae, Sciuridae, Muridae, dan Hystricidae, dengan species masing-masing:

Famili ERINACEIDAE – cerurut
Echinosorex gymnura, Moonrat
Hylomys suillus, Lesser gymnure
Famili SCIURIDAE – bajing
Callosciurus adamsi, Ear-spotted squirrel
Callosciurus albescens, Kloss squirrel
Callosciurus baluensis, Kinabalu squirrel
Callosciurus melanogaster, Loga squirrel
Callosciurus nigrovittatus, Balck-banded squirrel
Callosciurus notatus, Plantain squirrel
Callosciurus orestus, Bornean balck-banded squirrel
Callisciurus prevosti, Prevost’s squirrel
Dremomys everetti, Bornean long-nosed squirrel
Exilisciurus exilis, Plain pygmy squirrel
Exilisciurus whiteheadi, Whitehead’s pygmy squirrel
Glypotes simus, Sculptor squirrel
Hyosciurus heinrichi, Sulawesi mountain long-nosed squirrel
Hyosciurus ileile, Sulawesi lowland long-nosed squirell
Lariscus hosei, Four-striped ground squirrel
Lariscus insignis, Three-striped ground squirrel
Lariscus niobe, Mountain striped ground squirrel
Lariscus obscurus, Mentawai striped ground squirrel
Nannosciurus melanotis, Black-eared pygmy squirrel
Prosciurillus abstrusus, Salokko dwarf squirrel
Prosciurillus leucomus, Wallacea dwarf squirrel
Prosciurillus murinus, Celebes dwarf squirrel
Prosciurillus weberi, Weber’s dwarf squirrel
Ratufa affinis, Common giant squirrel
Ratufa bicolor, Giant squirrel
Rheithrosciurus macrotis, Tufted gorund squirrel
Rhinosciurus laticaudatus, Shrew-faced ground squirrel
Sundasciurus brookei, Brooke’s squirrel
Sundasciurus hippurus, Horse-tailed squirrel
Sundasciurus jentinki, Jentik’s squirrel
Sundasciurus lowii, Low’s squirrel
Sundasciurus tenuis, Slender squirrel
Aeromys tephromelas, Black flying-squirrel
Aeromys thomasi, Thomas’s flying-squirrel
Glaucomys volans, Southern flying squirrel
Hylopetes bartelsi, Bartel’s flying-squirrel
Hylopetes lepidus, Grey-cheeked flying-squirrel
Hylopetes sipora, Sipora pygmy flying squirrel
Hylopetes spadiceus, Red-cheeked giant flying-squirrel
Hylopetes winstoni, Winston’s flying squirrel
Iomys horsfieldi, Horsfield’s flying-squirrel
Iomys sipora, Sipora flying-squirrel
Petaurillus emiliae, Lesser pygmy flying-squirrel
Petaurillus hosei, Hose’s pygmy flying-squirrel
Petaurista elegans, Spotted giant flying squirrel
Petaurista petaurista, Red giant flying-squirrel
Petaurista philippensis, Indian giant flying-squirrel
Petinomys genibarbis, Whiskered flying-squirrel
Petinomys hageni, Hagen’s flying-squirrel
Petinomys hugen, Sipora flying-squirrel
Petinomys sagitta, Javan flying-squirrel
Petinomys setosus, White-bellied flying-squirrel
Petinomys vordermanni, Vordermann’s flying squirrel
Pteromyscus pulverulentus, Smooky flying-squirrel
Rubrisciurus rubriventer, Sulawesi red-bellied squirrel
Famili MURIDAE – tikus, balao, mencit, cerurut
Bandicota bengalensis, Lesser bandicoot rat
Bandicota indica, Greater bandicoot rat
Berylmys bowersii, Bower’s rat
Bunomys andrewsi, Andrew’s bunomys
Bunomys chrysocomus, Golden-capped bunomys
Bunomys coelestis, Heavenly hill rat
Bunomys fratrorum, Lesser shrew-rat
Bunomys heinrichi, Heinrich’s bunomys
Bunomys penitus, Summit shrew-rat
Bunomy prolatus, Long-headed hill rat
Chiropodomys gliroides, Pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys karlkoopmani, Mentawai pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys major, Large pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys muroides, Bornean pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys pusillus, Lesser pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiruromys vates, Lesser tree-mouse
Coccymys albidens, White-toothed mouse
Coccymys ruemmlery, Ruemmler’s mouse
Crossomys moncktoni, Earless water rat
Crunomys celebensis, Celebes swamp rat
Echiothrix leucura, Sulawesi spiny rat
Eropeplus canus, Sulawesi soft-furred rat
Haeromys margarettae, Ranee mouse
Haeromys minahassae, Celebes pygmy tree-mouse
Haeromys pusillus, Lesser ranee mouse
Hydromys chrysogaster, Australian water rat
Hydromys habbema, Mountain water rat
Hydromys hussoni, Husson’s water rat
Hyomys dammermani, Western white-eared giant rat
Hyomys goliath, Rough-tailed giant rat
Kadarsanomys sodyi, Sody mountain rat
Komodomys rintjanus, Komodo rat
Lenomys meyeri, Sulawesi giant rat
Lenothrix canus, Grey tree-rat
Leoporldamys edwardsi, Edward’s rat
Leopoldamys sabanus, Long-tailed giant rat
Leopoldamys siporanus, Sipora long-tailed giant rat
Leptomys elegans, Large water rat
Leptomys ernstmayri, Ernst Mayer’s leptomys
Lorentzimys nouhuysi, Long-footed tree-rat
Macruromys elegans, Western small-toothed rat
Macruromys major, Eatern small-toothed rat
Mallomys aroaensis, De Vis’s wooly rat
Mallomys gunung, Alpine wooly rat
Mallomys rothschildi, Black-eared giant rat
Margaretamys beccari, Masked long-tailed tree-rat
Margaretamys elegans, Large long-tailed tree-rat
Margaretamys parvus, Small long-tailed tree-rat
Maxomys alticola, Bornean mountain maxomys
Maxomys baeodon, Small spiny rat
Maxomys bartelsii, Java-Sunda spiny rat
Maxomys dollmani, Dollman’s spiny rat
Maxomys hellwaldii, Sulawesi spiny rat
Maxomys hylomyoides, Sumatran mountain spiny rat
Maxomys inflatus, Kerinci spiny rat
Maxomys musschenbroekii, Musschenbroek’s spiny rat
Maxomys ochraceiventer, Chesnut-bellied spiny rat
Maxomys pagensis, Mentawai spiny rat
Maxomys rajah, Brown spiny rat
Maxomys surifer, Red spiny rat
Maxomys wattsi, Watt’s spiny rat
Maxomys whiteheadi, Whitehead’s spiny rat
Meyermys ellermani, One-toothed shrew-mouse
Melasmothrix macrocercus, Greater shrew-rat
Melamothrix naso, Lesser shrew-rat
Melasmothrix rhinogradoides, ???
Melomys aerosus, Dusky melomys
Melomys caurinus, Short-tailed Talaud melomys
Melomys fellowsi, Red-bellied melomys
Melomys fraterculus, Manusela melomys
Melomys fulgens, Seram long-tailed melomys
Melomys gracilis, Long-tailed melomys
Melomys lanosus, Large-scaled melomys
Melomys leucogaster, White-belled melomys
Melomys lorentzii, Long-footed melomys
Melomys mollis, Thomas’s melomys
Melomys moncktoni, Monckton’s melomys
Melomys oboensis, Obi melomys
Melomys platyops, Lowland melomys
Melomys rattoides, Mountain melomys
Melomys rubex, Highland melomys
Melomys rufescens, Black-tailed melomys
Microhydromys richardsoni, Groove-toothed shrew-mouse
Mus caroli, Ryukyu mouse
Mus cervicolor, Fawn-colored mouse
Mus crociduroides, Sumatran shrew-mouse
Mus (castaneus) musculus, House mouse
Mus (dunni) terricolor, Pygmy mouse
Mus vulcani, Javan shrew-mouse
Niviventer cremoriventer, Dark-tailed tree-rat
Niviventer (bukit) fulvescens, Chestnut white-bellied rat
Niviventer lepturus, Javan chestnut rat
Niviventer rapit, Long-tailed mountain rat
Papagomys armadvillei, Flores giant rat
Parahydromys asper, Waterside rat
Paraleptomys rufilatus, Northern hydromine
Paraleptomys wilhelmina, Short-haired hydromine
Paruromys dominator, Dominant paruromys
Paruromys ursinus, Bear paruromys
Paulamys naso, Long-nosed paulamys
Pithecheir melanurus, Red tree-rat
Pithecheirops otion, Bornean pithecheirops
Pogonomelomys bruijni, Rummeler’s mosaic-tailed rat
Pogonomelomys mayeri, Shaw Mayer’s brush mouse
Pogonomelomys sevia, Highland pogonomelomys
Pogonomys loriae, Soft-haired tree-mouse
Pogonomys macrourus, Chestnut tree-mouse
Pogonomys sylvestris, Grey-bellied tree-mouse
Pseudohydromys murinus, Eastern shrew-mouse
Pseudohydromys occidentalis, Western shrew-mouse
Rattus adustus, Engano rat
Rattus annandalei, Annandale’s rat
Rattus argentiventer, Rice field rat
Rattus baluensis, Summit rat
Rattus bontanus, Bonthain rat
Rattus elaphinus, Sulu Island rat
Rattus enganus, Engano Island rat
Rattus exulans, Polynesian rat
Rattus feliceus, Ceram rat
Rattus foramineus, Bulukumba rat
Rattus hainaldi, Hainald’s rat
Rattus hoffmanni, Grey-bellied rat
Rattus hoogerwerfi, Leuser’s rat
Rattus hoxaensis, Lesser rice field rat
Rattus jobiensis, Biak’s rat
Rattus koopmani, Banggai Island rat
Rattus korinchi, Korinchi’s rat
Rattus leucopus, Cape York rat
Rattus lugens, Mentawai house rat
Rattus marmosurus, Tondanu’s rat
Rattus mollicomulus, Lompobatang Moutain rat
Rattus morotaiensis, Morotai Island rat
Rattus nitidus, Himalayan rat
Rattus novergicus, Brown rat
Rattus pelurus, Peleng Island rat
Rattus praetor, Large spiny rat
Rattus rattus, Black rat
Rattus simalurensis, Simalur rat
Rattus sordidus, Cane field rat
Rattus tanezumi, Sladen’s rat
Rattus timorensis, Timor rat
Rattus tiomanicus, Malaysian field rat
Rattus xanthurus, Xanthuru’s rat
Rhizomys sumatrensis, Sumatran bamboo rat
Stenomys ceramicus, Ceram rat
Stenomys niobe, Moss-forest rat
Stenomys richardsoni, Glacier rat
Stenomys verecundus, Slender rat
Sundamys infraluteus, Mountain giant rat
Sundamys maxi, Maxi’s rat
Sundamys muelleri, Mueller’s rat
Taeromys arcuatus, Tankoko’s rat
Taeromys callitrichus, Beautiful-tailed rat
Taeromys celebensis, Celebes rat
Taeromys hamatus, Central mountain taeromys
Taeromys punicans, Pinadapa rat
Taeromys taerae, Minahasa rat
Tateomys macrocercus, Long-tailed Tate’s rat
Tateromys rhinogradoides, Tate’s rat
Uromys anak, Black-tailed giant rat
Uromys caudimaculatus, Mottled-tailed rat
Xenuromys barbatus, Rock-dwelling giant rat
Famili HYSTRICIDAE - landak
Atherurus macrourus, Brush-tailed porcupine
Hystrix brachyuran, Short-tailed porcupine
Hystrix crassipinnis, Bornean porpcupine
Hystrix javanica, Javan porcupine
Hystrix sumatrae, Sumatran porcupine
Trichys fasciculate, Bornean long-tailed porcupine
(SELESAI)